The Petroleum Quality Institute of America
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March 4, 2013 - Test Results for API SN, SAE 5W-30, ILSAC GF-5 Motor Oils
SYNTHETICS Synthetics are typically considered the top line in motor oils. They comprise products formulated with superior base oils (API Group III, and/or polyalphaolefins, esters, and others), and additives. Synthetic motor oils are generally said to provide enhanced engine protection from wear and deposits, longer service intervals, superior high temperature operation and cold-flow properties, improved fuel economy, and other features and benefits. |
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Standards, shown in black below, are established by API, SAE and others. Ranges shown in green represent the high and low data for the 7 major brands of synthetic API SN ILSAC GF-5 tested. |
Havoline | Amsoil | FRAM | ENEOS | Traveller | |
| PHYSICAL TESTS (click test for details) |
Standards/ranges-a |
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| TBN, mg KOH/g, (ASTM D2896) |
8.0 to
11.3 |
7.7 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 7.7 |
| Viscosity @ 100ºC, cSt, (ASTM D445) | 9.30 to 12.5 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 10.9 |
| Viscosity @ 40ºC, cSt, (ASTM D445) | 52.4 to 62.5 | 53.5 | 63.1 | 64.0 | 56.7 | 62.2 |
| Viscosity Index (ASTM D2270) | 161 to 171 | 177 | 166.0 | 170 | 174 | 168 |
| Viscosity @ -30ºC mPa s (cP) (ASTM D5293) | 6,600 Max | 3,881 | 4,945 | 4,179 | 4,358 | 4,604 |
| NOACK volatility, mass % loss, 1 hr, @ 250ºC (ASTM D5800) | 15 Max |
13.0 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 10.8 | 12.1 |
| Additives | ||||||
| Calcium, ppm | 764
to 2,648 |
2,249 | 2,190 | 2,135 | 2,260 | 2,333 |
| Magnesium, ppm | 7 to
1462 |
14 | 10 | 14 | 6 | 16 |
| Phosphorus, ppm | 600 to
800 |
649 | 642 | 650 | 667 | 669 |
| Zinc, ppm | 821 to 987 | 850 | 818 | 820 | 897 | 851 |
| Molybdenum, ppm | <1 to 80 | 57 | 82 | 79 | 171 | <1 |
| Barium,ppm | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Additive and/or other | ||||||
| Boron, ppm |
2 to 255 |
4 | 260 | 241 | 118 | 198 |
| Silicon, ppm | 3 to
8 |
5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Potassium, ppm | <5
to 6 |
<5 | <5 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Manganese, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Titanium, ppm | <1
to 2 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Copper, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Sodium, ppm | <5 to
461 |
<5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 |
| Vanadium, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Contaminants | ||||||
| Silver, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Aluminum, ppm | <1 to
3 |
2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Chromium, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Iron, ppm | <1
to 1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 1 |
| Nickel, ppm | <1
|
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Lead, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Antimony, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Tin, ppm | <1 |
<1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
a- Standards, shown in black are established
by API, SAE and others. Ranges, shown in green, represent the high and
low data for the 7 major brands of synthetic API SN ILSAC GF-5
b-Test Method used for metal analysis is ASTM ASTM D5185. c- ASTM D5185-09 Reproducibility by Element.
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