Petroleum Quality Institute of America

The Petroleum Quality Institute of America (PQIA) is an independent resource for information and insights on the quality and performance of lubricants in the marketplace.  Our mission is to serve the consumer of lubricants by reporting on the quality and integrity of lubricants in themarketplace.

 

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Duplex SAE 10W-40, API SN

Warren Oil, Dunn, NC

Purchased in: Daily's, Saint August, FL

Date of purchase: 11/23/2011

 

 

 

The results of the tests conducted on this sample meet the requirements of an API SN, SAE 10W-40 Engine oil.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PETROLEUM QUALITY INSTITUTE OF AMERICA

TEST PROGRAM

 

 
Test Results
The ranges and averages shown in the table below are for
current specifications (API SN GF-5). See footnote "e"
PHYSICAL TESTS Standard/ranges-b Average-e
 TBN, mg KOH/g, (ASTM D2896) 6.1 to 8.3 7.2 7.4
 Viscosity @ 100ºC, cSt, (ASTM D445) 9.3 to 12.5 10.5 13.7
 Viscosity @ 40ºC, cSt, ASTM D445     93.3
 Viscosity Index (ASTM D2270)     148
 Viscosity @ -25ºC mPa s (cP) (ASTM D5293) 7,000 Max 5,775 6,445
 Volatility, mass % loss, 1 hr, @ 250ºC (ASTM D5800) 15 Max 14.2 15.7/15.2-f
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS-c      
Additives
    Nitrogen μg/g (ASTM D-5762) 599 to 990 804.2 679.9
    Calcium  1,570 to 2,460 2,051 1,999
    Magnesium, ppm  6 to 46 12.3 18.0
    Phosphorus,  ppm 600 to 800 703 739
    Zinc, ppm  766 to 868 791 810
    Molybdenum,  ppm  <1 to 269 60 40
    Barium, ppm  <1 <1 <1
 
    Boron,  ppm  <1 to 237 79 4
    Silicon,  ppm-d  3 to 9 5 2
    Potassium, ppm 9 to 17 11 5
    Manganese, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Titanium, ppm  <1 to 114 11 <1
    Sulfur, ppm  5,000 max 2,785 3,180
    Copper, ppm  <1  <1 <1
    Sodium, ppm  5 to 454 172 <5
    Vanadium, ppm  <1 <1 <1
Contaminants
    Silver, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Aluminum, ppm  <1 to 3 1 <1
    Chromium, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Iron, ppm  <1 to 1 1 <1
    Nickel, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Lead, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Antimony, ppm  <1 <1 <1
    Tin, ppm  <1 <1 <1

a- Click here for product label.

b- Standards, shown in yellow are established by API, SAE and others. Ranges, shown in teal, represent the high and low data for the 13 major brands of API SN ILSAC GF-5 tested in September 2011.

c-Test Method for metal analysis is ASTM ASTM D5185.

d- Although silicon is used as an antifoam additive in lubricants, concentrations above 7ppm have been linked to contamination from abrasive material,

e- Average of the 13 major brands of API SN ILSAC GF-5 tested in September 2011.

f- The specification of 15 max is expressed in two significant figures and therefore the average of the results meets the specification.

 

  
Duplex 10W-40, API SN
The American Petroleum Institute sets forth a number of laboratory and engine tests required to meet an API SN ILSAC GF-5  performance specification. Although laboratory tests alone cannot be used to establish if an engine oil meets API SN, they can be used to determine if it doesn't.

The following is a comparison of the test results for the sample of Duplex 10W-40 tested with the API SN ILSAC GF-5 requirements.

 
Viscometrics

The viscometrics meet the required targets for a 10W-40.

Viscosity @ 100șC, cSt, (ASTM D445)
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  Viscosity @ -25șC mPa s (cP) (ASTM D5293)
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Click here for more on chart and Viscosity@100șC,cSt                Click here for about chart and Viscosity @ -30șC

 
   
Volatility Phosphorus
The volatility meets the requirements for an API SN ILSAC GF-5 designation.
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  The phosphorus content meets the requirements
for an API SN ILSAC GF-5 designation.
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Click here for more on chart and Volatilty Click here for more on chart and phosphorus
 

  
FRONT AND BACK LABELS FROM PRODUCT TESTED